Slope gradient measures steepness, expressed either as a percentage (vertical drop ÷ horizontal distance × 100) or in degrees. The two are related by the tangent function, not linearly — a 100% gradient is 45°, not vertical. Typical ski run gradients: green runs under ~25% (10°), blue ~25-45% (10-18°), red ~45-60% (18-27°), black 60%+ (27°+). Backcountry skiers pay close attention to slope angle because avalanche risk peaks on slopes of 30-45°, making an inclinometer essential safety equipment.
Key points
- Percentage or degrees (100% = 45°)
- Related by tangent, not linearly
- Black runs typically 27°+ (60%+)
- Avalanche risk peaks at 30-45°
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