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Swimming · Glossary

What is Critical Swim Speed (CSS)?

A swimmer's sustainable threshold pace, estimated from 400m and 200m time trials.

Critical Swim Speed is the swimming equivalent of a runner's lactate threshold — the fastest pace you can sustain for a prolonged effort. It is estimated from two time trials: CSS = (400 − 200) ÷ (time for 400m − time for 200m), giving a speed in metres per second. Training sets are then prescribed relative to your CSS pace per 100m, with threshold work at CSS, speed work faster, and recovery slower.

Key points
  • Swimming's threshold pace
  • From 400m and 200m time trials
  • CSS = 200 ÷ (t400 − t200) m/s
  • Used to set training paces

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